In December 2025, California’s CalFresh program, which helps millions of low-income residents access nutritious food, is experiencing major changes. The most significant shift is the reinstatement of the Able-Bodied Adults Without Dependents (ABAWD) rule, which mandates that certain recipients must meet work or training requirements to maintain eligibility for food assistance.
The changes, effective from January 2026, could impact thousands of households. In this article, we’ll explore what this rule means, who will be affected, and what recipients can do to stay eligible for benefits.
Table of Contents
What Is the ABAWD Rule?
The ABAWD rule is a federal policy that applies to certain adults between the ages of 18 and 49 who are considered capable of working but do not have dependent children under the age of 18 living with them. These adults must either work, participate in approved training, or meet specific exemptions to avoid losing food assistance after three months within a 36-month period.
The rule has been in place as part of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), known as CalFresh in California, but it was temporarily waived during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the economic challenges faced by many.
However, the waiver ended in November 2025, and California is now set to resume full enforcement of the rule starting in January 2026.
Who Will Be Affected by the ABAWD Rule?
The ABAWD rule applies to adults aged 18 to 49 who are considered able to work but do not have children or dependents. These individuals must meet the following criteria to be classified as an ABAWD:
- Ability to work: The individual is physically and mentally capable of working at least 20 hours per week.
- No dependent children: The individual does not have dependent children under 18 years of age.
ABAWD recipients who do not meet work or training requirements will lose their CalFresh benefits after receiving assistance for three months within a 36-month period, unless they qualify for exemptions (see below).
How Does the ABAWD Work Requirement Work?
To remain eligible for CalFresh beyond the three-month limit, an ABAWD must meet 80 hours of work per month (or about 20 hours per week). This work can be a combination of:
- Paid employment, whether part-time or full-time.
- Volunteering or other community service that meets program standards.
- Participating in job training or educational programs that are approved by the state.
Recipients must document and report their work activities regularly to continue receiving benefits. If a recipient fails to meet these work requirements, they will lose eligibility after three months.
Exemptions to the ABAWD Rule
Not everyone who fits the ABAWD criteria will lose benefits after three months. There are several exemptions available:
- Pregnancy: Pregnant individuals are exempt from the rule.
- Caregivers: Those caring for a dependent child under 14 years of age.
- Health Issues: Individuals with physical or mental disabilities preventing them from working.
- Full-time education: Those enrolled in full-time education or vocational training.
- Homeless individuals: People without stable housing who cannot meet work requirements.
Additionally, some regions in California, where unemployment rates are high, may continue to receive waivers from the ABAWD rule. This is decided at the county level based on local employment conditions.
The State of California’s Response to the ABAWD Rule
The implementation of the ABAWD rule in California will be gradual, with some counties expected to start enforcing the policy as early as January 2026. However, enforcement may vary by region, depending on local unemployment rates and resources available to recipients.
California has a Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), which supports job training and employment programs that help recipients meet the work requirement. Many counties have partnered with non-profits and educational institutions to provide free or low-cost training to help individuals comply with the ABAWD rule.
County-Level Variations and Pilot Programs
While the state has reinstated the rule, some counties are running pilot programs designed to ease the transition for those who may struggle to meet work requirements. Programs such as Workforce Development Boards offer job training, resume building, and placement services to help individuals gain employment and meet CalFresh eligibility.
Additionally, there are community-based organizations working to provide resources, such as transportation assistance, childcare support, and mental health services, to help people meet the ABAWD work requirement.
Challenges and Criticisms of the ABAWD Rule
The ABAWD rule has long been a source of debate. Advocates for the rule argue that it encourages self-sufficiency by helping individuals gain job experience and become financially independent. They suggest that work requirements can motivate individuals to find stable employment and break the cycle of poverty.
However, critics argue that the rule disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, including individuals facing significant barriers to employment such as:
- Lack of transportation: In areas with limited public transit, it can be difficult for recipients to find or access jobs.
- Health issues: Many recipients, particularly those with chronic health conditions, are unable to meet the work requirements.
- Job market limitations: Rural and economically depressed areas may have few job opportunities, making it nearly impossible for recipients to find work.
Advocates for food security and low-income households, including organizations like the California Association of Food Banks (CAFB), have expressed concern that the ABAWD rule could exacerbate food insecurity for individuals who are unable to meet the work or training requirements.
This could have long-term implications for public health, particularly for families and individuals already struggling to access nutritious food.
Long-Term Impact on Food Security and Public Health
The reinstatement of the ABAWD rule could have lasting effects on food security in California, especially for marginalized communities. Several studies have shown that work requirements may lead to higher levels of food insecurity, as individuals who lose their benefits are often unable to find adequate employment or qualify for other forms of public assistance.
A 2019 study from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found that states with stricter ABAWD enforcement saw an increase in hunger and a decrease in overall health among recipients.
California has committed to monitoring the impact of this policy, but advocates argue that more comprehensive solutions—such as expanding job opportunities, increasing wages, and improving public assistance programs—are needed to truly combat poverty and food insecurity.
CalFresh December Changes Explained Stay Eligible for CalFresh
For recipients affected by the ABAWD rule, staying eligible for benefits requires meeting work or training requirements. Here’s what recipients can do to stay on track:
- Verify Exemptions: Contact your local CalFresh office to determine if you qualify for any exemptions from the work requirements.
- Engage in Job Training: If you are struggling to meet work requirements, enroll in job training or education programs that meet CalFresh standards.
- Track Work Hours: Keep detailed records of your work hours and any community service or training you participate in.
- Seek Help: Many counties offer resources such as job placement services, transportation assistance, and child care. Reach out to local programs for support.
Related Links
The Ultimate Way to Sell Rare Wheat Pennies in 2026: How to sell these pennies guide!
$500 every month in your account! Find out who will receive America’s New Guaranteed Income?
The reinstatement of the ABAWD rule in California marks a significant shift for CalFresh recipients. While the policy aims to encourage self-sufficiency, it also poses challenges for individuals facing barriers to employment.
As the state moves forward with its implementation, it is crucial for recipients to stay informed about their eligibility, seek available resources, and advocate for policies that address the root causes of food insecurity.
Looking Forward
As California continues to implement the ABAWD rule in 2026, the state will need to monitor its impacts closely. Whether the policy will lead to long-term improvements in employment and poverty reduction, or if it will exacerbate food insecurity, remains to be seen.
FAQs
Q: How can I qualify for an exemption from the ABAWD rule?
A: Exemptions can be granted if you are pregnant, caring for a dependent child, or if you have a physical or mental condition that prevents you from working. Contact your county office to discuss your situation.
Q: How do I document my work hours for CalFresh?
A: Keep detailed records of your employment, volunteer hours, or training activities. These should be reported to your local CalFresh office regularly.
Q: What can I do if I’m denied CalFresh benefits due to ABAWD requirements?
A: If you believe your benefits were wrongfully denied, you can appeal the decision through your county CalFresh office.
